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From Worksheets & Podcast Episodes

Key Vocabulary

710 essential terms from your worksheets and podcast episodes

710 words found

Accountabilitynoun
B2

The condition of being required to justify one's actions or decisions; responsibility.

Acquisitionnoun
B1

The process of developing a skill or habit, especially in language.

Adaptationnoun
B2

The process of adjusting to new conditions or changes.

Advocacynoun
B2

Public support for or recommendation of a particular cause, policy, or group.

Affective Filterphrase
B1

An emotional wall such as anxiety or stress that prevents learning.

Algorithmnoun
B2

A set of rules or steps that a computer follows to solve a problem or complete a task.

Anchorverb
B1

To fix or fasten something firmly in place, often metaphorically in the mind.

Architectnoun
B1

A person who designs buildings and, in many cases, supervises their construction.

Assumptionnoun
B2

Something that is accepted as true or certain to happen, even without proof.

Astronomicaladjective
B2

Extremely large or high.

Atmospherenoun
B2

The layer of gases surrounding the Earth.

Atrocitynoun
B2

An extremely cruel, wicked, or violent act, usually committed during a war.

Attributionnoun
B2

The act of identifying the cause of an event, often used in science to link weather to climate change.

Banalitynoun
B2

The state of being so unoriginal and ordinary that it becomes boring.

Big-picture thinkingphrase
B1

Considering the overall situation and long-term goals rather than just the immediate details.

Bindingadjective
B2

Describing an agreement or treaty that involves a legal obligation that cannot be broken.

Bottlenecknoun
B2

A situation that causes delay in a process or system.

Breakthroughnoun
B2

A sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development in a field.

Burdennoun
B1

A load, typically a heavy one; something difficult to bear.

Callingnoun
B1

A strong inner impulse toward a particular career or occupation.

Cascadenoun
B2

A series of connected events where each stage triggers the next.

Catalystnoun
B1

Something that precipitates or causes a major event or change.

Cathedral mindsetphrase
B1

A mindset focused on purpose, vision, and contributing to something larger than oneself.

Circular economyphrase
B2

An economic system aimed at eliminating waste through the continual use and recycling of resources.

Civic musclephrase
B2

The power and influence of citizens acting together to improve their community.

Climate literacyphrase
B2

Understanding how climate affects society and recognizing long-term environmental trends.

Cog in a machineidiom
B1

A person who performs a routine, monotonous job within a large organization or system.

Cognitive closurenoun
B2

The psychological desire for a definite answer to a topic to avoid confusion or ambiguity.

Commissionedverb
B1

Hired or appointed to perform a task or service.

Compellingadjective
B1

Evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerful way.

Compound eventsphrase
B2

Situations where multiple weather hazards occur at the same time or in the same region.

Conformitynoun
B2

Behavior that follows the accepted rules, standards, or conventions of a group.

Consciouslyadverb
B1

In a deliberate and intentional way; with awareness.

Consensusnoun
B2

A general agreement reached by a group of people.

Consistencynoun
B1

Consistent performance, reliability, and uniformity in quality over time.

Counterfactualadjective
B2

Relating to a hypothetical situation that did not actually happen.

Craftnoun
B1

An activity involving skill in making things by hand.

Critical thinkingnoun
B2

The ability to analyze an issue objectively and evaluate information to form a judgment.

Devastatingadjective
B1

Causing severe shock, destruction, or damage.

Devil's advocateidiom
B2

A person who expresses a disagreeing opinion just to provoke debate or test an argument.

Diluteverb
B1

To make something weaker, less concentrated, or less effective by adding other elements.

Disciplinenoun
B1

The practice of training oneself to obey rules, maintain self-control, and perform tasks with dedication.

Dreadedadjective
B1

Regarded with great fear or apprehension.

Echo chambernoun
B2

An environment where a person only encounters information or opinions that reflect and reinforce their own.

Elixirnoun
B1

Metaphorically, the wisdom or lesson gained from a journey or experience.

Empathynoun
B1

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.

Engagementnoun
B1

Emotional involvement or commitment.

Evocativeadjective
B1

Bringing strong images, memories, or feelings to mind.

Excellencenoun
B1

The quality of being outstanding or extremely good.

Exponentialadjective
B2

Describing an increase that becomes more and more rapid over time.

Flawlessadjective
B1

Without any imperfections or defects; perfect.

Fragileadjective
B1

Easily broken, damaged, or vulnerable; lacking robust strength or stability.

Fundamentaladjective
B2

Basic, essential, or forming a foundation.

I am sorry, but I am unable to access the file provided at the URL. Please re-upload the document so I can analyze it for you.other
B2

Unable to open or process the provided link.

I would feel embarrassed if...phrase
B1

A phrase used to describe a hypothetical reaction to a social situation.

Iconicadjective
B1

Widely recognized and established as a classic symbol of a particular culture or era.

Inclusionnoun
B1

Providing equal access to opportunities for a diverse range of people or nations.

Incrementaladjective
B2

Happening or done in a series of small, gradual steps.

Independent thinkerphrase
B2

A person who forms their own opinions rather than simply following the crowd.

Inefficientadjective
B1

Not achieving maximum productivity; wasting or failing to make the best use of time.

Infectiousadjective
B1

Likely to spread to others; highly contagious (often used metaphorically for enthusiasm or energy).

Infrastructurenoun
B2

The basic physical and organizational structures (e.g., buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society.

Institutionaladjective
B2

Relating to an established organization, custom, or official system.

Institutionalizeverb
B2

To establish something, like a practice or activity, as a norm in an organization or culture.

Integrationnoun
B1

The action or process of combining several things into a whole.

Intermittentadjective
B2

Occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady.

Jet streamnoun
B2

A fast-moving ribbon of air high in the atmosphere that pushes weather systems.

Keep your eye on the ballidiom
B1

To stay focused on your specific goal or task.

Kickoffidiom
B1

An idiom meaning to start something or a process.

Liberationnoun
B2

The act of setting someone free from imprisonment, slavery, or oppression.

Logisticsnoun
B1

The detailed coordination, planning, and implementation of a complex operation.

Masterpiecenoun
B1

A work of outstanding artistry, skill, or workmanship.

Meanderingadjective
B1

Proceeding in a slow, winding, or aimless way.

Metaphornoun
B1

A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.

Misinformationnoun
B2

False or inaccurate information, especially that which is intended to deceive people.

Mitigationnoun
B2

The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or harmfulness of something.

Mobilizationnoun
B2

The act of organizing a group of people to take collective action for a cause.

Momentumnoun
B1

The driving force or impetus gained by a moving object or developing event.

Monsoonnoun
B2

A seasonal wind that brings heavy rains, especially in South and Southeast Asia.

Mundaneadjective
B1

Lacking interest or excitement; dull; routine.

Non-repetitiveadjective
B1

Not containing or characterized by the same things happening again.

Normalcynoun
B1

The condition of being normal, stable, or expected, particularly after a period of crisis.

Noveltynoun
B1

The quality of being new, original, unusual, or unique.

Nuancenoun
B2

A subtle difference in meaning, expression, or sound.

On the ballidiom
B1

Meaning to be alert, efficient, and quick to understand things.

Ordealnoun
B1

A very unpleasant and prolonged experience.

Parablenoun
B1

A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.

Participateverb
B1

To take part in an action, event, or community activity.

Permittingnoun
B2

The official process of obtaining legal documents or permits required to start a project.

Perspectivenoun
B1

A particular attitude towards or way of regarding something; a point of view.

Persuasionnoun
B1

The act of convincing someone to do or believe something through reasoning or arguments.

Phenomenonnoun
B2

A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause is in question.

Pitchnoun
B1

The specific field where a football game is played.

Political willphrase
B2

The firm intention of politicians and government leaders to achieve a specific goal.

Promissory notephrase
B2

A signed document containing a written promise to pay a stated sum to a specified person or the bearer at a specified date or on demand.

Quantifyverb
B2

To express or measure the quantity of something precisely.

Realitynoun
B1

The state of things as they actually exist, rather than as they may appear or might be imagined.

Rebuildverb
B1

Build something again after it has been damaged or destroyed.

Reinforceverb
B2

To strengthen or support an idea, belief, or feeling.

Relentlessadjective
B2

Continuing without becoming weaker or less severe.

Relinquishverb
B2

To voluntarily give up a position, power, or a right.

Resiliencenoun
B1

The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

Saturationnoun
B2

The state when no more of something can be absorbed or added.

Scaffoldnoun
B1

A temporary structure on the outside of a building, made of wooden planks and metal poles, used by workmen while building, repairing, or cleaning.

Scalingnoun
B2

The process of making something larger in size, amount, or importance.

Scoring an own goalidiom
B1

To accidentally harm your own interests or plans.

Setbacknoun
B1

A reversal or check in progress; an obstacle.

Sheeradjective
B1

Absolute, pure, or complete; used to emphasize the scale or power of something.

Shortfallnoun
B2

A failure to come up to an expected or required amount; a deficit.

Staggeringadjective
B2

Deeply shocking or astonishing.

Stallverb
B2

To stop making progress and remain in one place.

Starkadjective
B2

Unpleasantly clear, severe, or obvious in appearance.

Storm surgenoun
B2

A sudden rise of sea level pushed inland by wind during a storm.

Subconsciouslyadverb
B1

In a way that influences the mind without being aware of it.

Substantiveadjective
B2

Having a firm basis in reality and therefore important, meaningful, or considerable.

Susceptibleadjective
B2

Likely or liable to be influenced, changed, or harmed by a particular thing.

Thresholdnoun
B1

A point of entry or the beginning of a new experience.

Uniquelyadverb
B1

In a way that is special, unusual, or particular to one person or thing.

Unpredictabilitynoun
B1

The quality of being variable, uncertain, or impossible to foresee.

Urbanizationnoun
B2

The process of making an area more urban through building and covering ground with concrete.

Vigilancenoun
B2

The action or state of keeping a careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.

Visionnoun
B1

The ability to think about or plan the future with imagination or wisdom.

Voluntaryadjective
B2

Done, given, or acting of one's own free will without being forced.

Vulnerabilitynoun
B2

The state of being exposed to the possibility of being harmed.

Vulnerableadjective
B2

Susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm; in a weak position.

abdicateverb
B1

To renounce one's throne or fail to fulfill a duty or responsibility.

abolitionistnoun
B2

A person who favors the ending of a practice or institution, especially slavery.

abyssnoun
B2

A very deep hole or, metaphorically, a catastrophic or extremely difficult situation.

accessibleadjective
B1

Able to be reached, entered, or obtained easily.

accommodateverb
B1

to fit in with the wishes or needs of someone else

aestheticsnoun
B1

The visual appeal or artistic principles of something.

affirmationnoun
B1

a positive statement that you say to yourself to build confidence

amenitiesnoun
B2

Desirable or comfortable features, services, or facilities of a building or location.

amputationnoun
B1

The surgical removal of a limb or body part.

analogynoun
B1

A comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.

anti-heronoun
B2

A central character in a story who lacks conventional heroic qualities like idealism or morality.

anticipatedadjective
B2

Expected or looked forward to with excitement.

archetypenoun
B2

A very typical example of a certain person or thing that is often repeated in literature or art.

articulateverb
B1

To express an idea, feeling, or argument fluently and clearly in spoken words.

artificial legphrase
B1

A prosthetic limb designed to replace a missing leg.

assassinatedverb
B1

Murdered for political or religious reasons.

associationnoun
B1

a mental connection between people, places, things, or ideas

assortmentnoun
B1

A collection or variety of different types of the same general thing.

assumeverb
B1

to suppose that something is true without having proof

at leastphrase
B2

Not less than; used to emphasize a positive aspect in a negative situation.

at your fingertipsphrase
B1

easily available or within reach

attirenoun
B2

Clothes, especially fine or formal ones worn for a special occasion.

audacitynoun
B1

A willingness to take bold risks or showing a lack of respect.

auditnoun
B2

An official or systematic inspection and review of accounts or spending records.

axisnoun
B1

An imaginary line about which a body, such as the Earth, rotates.

badge of honoridiom
B1

A mark of pride symbolizing an achievement or courage.

balancenoun
B2

The total amount of money in a bank account at a given moment.

barelyadverb
B1

Only just; almost not at all.

beaconnoun
B1

A fire or light set up high in a position of warning or guidance; a guiding light.

beckonverb
B1

To signal or summon someone or something to come closer.

belly of the whaleidiom
B2

A situation where a person is finaly separated from their known world and faces deep isolation.

beneficialadjective
B1

helpful, advantageous, or producing good results

blueprintnoun
B1

A detailed plan or design for how to build or achieve something.

boonnoun
B2

Something that is very helpful and improves the quality of your life or a situation.

boundariesnoun
B1

the limits of what is personal or considered acceptable behavior

boycottnoun
B2

To refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way of protesting.

breathtakingadjective
B2

Extremely beautiful, astonishing, or exciting; literally taking one's breath away.

bridgeverb
B1

to connect two things or fill a gap between them

bridge the gapphrase
B1

to reduce the differences between two things or groups

brokeadjective
B2

Having completely run out of money.

buffernoun
B2

Something that serves as a cushion against a shock or a negative financial impact.

bullyingnoun
B1

the repetitive behavior of hurting or frightening someone smaller or less powerful

burn the candle at both endsidiom
B1

to exhaust yourself by doing too much, especially by staying up late and waking up early

burn the midnight oilidiom
B1

To stay up very late at night working or studying.

burned outadjective
B1

Extremely tired and unmotivated as a result of prolonged stress or overwork.

calamitynoun
B1

an event that causes great damage, suffering, or distress

call it a dayidiom
B1

to stop what you are doing, especially working, because you have done enough

cancer researchphrase
B1

Scientific study focused on finding cures and treatments for cancer.

catastrophicadjective
B2

Involving or causing sudden great damage, suffering, or failure.

causenoun
B1

A principle, aim, or movement that people support or fight for.

chain reactionphrase
B1

a series of events where each one causes the next one to happen

chronologicaladjective
B1

Starting with the earliest and following the order in which they occurred.

citizenshipnoun
B1

the state of being a member of a particular country and the duties that come with it

civic responsibilityphrase
B2

The obligations and duties that a citizen has to their community or country.

clarificationnoun
B1

The action of making a statement, question, or situation less confusing and more comprehensible.

clean slatephrase
B1

A fresh start where past errors or failures are forgiven and forgotten.

climb the corporate ladderidiom
B1

To advance your career within a company, moving from junior roles to management.

climbing the corporate ladderphrase
B1

advancing your career within a company from junior roles to management

clutternoun
B1

a lot of objects in a state of untidiness, especially things you don't need

codanoun
B1

A concluding event, remark, or section that brings a piece to a satisfying close.

coherencenoun
B1

The quality of being logical, orderly, consistent, and easy to follow or comprehend as a whole.

coherentadjective
B1

Logical and consistent; forming a unified whole.

collectiveadjective
B1

Done by people acting as a group rather than as individuals.

collocationnoun
B1

A natural combination of words that are frequently used together.

coming-of-agephrase
B2

Related to the transition from childhood to adulthood.

commemorateverb
B1

To recall and show respect for someone or something in a ceremony.

commitverb
B1

To promise to give your time, money, or effort to something.

commitmentnoun
B1

The state or quality of being dedicated to a cause, activity, or goal.

comparativeadjective
B1

Measured or estimated by comparison; using language to compare things.

compassionnoun
B1

sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings of others

componentnoun
B1

one of the parts that makes up a whole system or machine

compoundingnoun
B1

The process where small additions build up exponentially over time.

comprehensiveadjective
B1

Complete; including all or nearly all elements, aspects, or details of something.

compulsiveadjective
B1

doing something repeatedly because you have a strong urge that is hard to control

conciseadjective
B1

giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief

constructiveadjective
B1

Having a useful and helpful purpose rather than being negative.

consumer-drivenadjective
B1

Influenced or controlled by the desires and behavior of consumers.

consumptionnoun
B1

the act of buying and using goods and services

contemporaryadjective
B1

existing or happening now; modern

context cluesphrase
B1

Hints in a passage that a reader can use to understand the meanings of unfamiliar words.

contiguousadjective
B2

Sharing a common border; touching.

convincedadjective
B2

completely certain about something; firmly persuaded to believe

corporateadjective
B1

relating to a large company or business group

counter-argumentsnoun
B1

Arguments or sets of reasons put forward to oppose, challenge, or refute an idea or theory.

cover-upnoun
B2

an attempt to prevent the public from discovering the truth about a serious mistake, crime, or conspiracy

crispadjective
B1

Pleasantly cool, fresh, and dry, often used to describe weather.

crucialadjective
B1

Extremely important or necessary for the success of something.

culinaryadjective
B1

connected with cooking or the kitchen

cultural bridgephrase
B1

A method of connecting or comparing different cultures to improve understanding.

cultural intelligencenoun
B2

The ability to understand, respect, and adapt to different cultural norms.

curbverb
B1

to control or limit something, especially something unwanted or bad

curriculumnoun
B1

The subjects and educational content comprising a course of study.

cuspnoun
B2

A point of transition between two different states; being on the edge of something new.

dauntingadjective
B1

Seeming difficult to deal with in prospect; intimidating, discouraging, or overwhelming.

deadlinenoun
B1

the latest time or date by which something must be completed

decorumnoun
B2

Behavior that is controlled, calm, polite, and socially correct.

defectnoun
B1

A shortcoming, imperfection, or flaw in a person or system.

deitynoun
B1

A god or goddess worshipped in a religion.

delegatenoun
B2

A person sent or authorized to represent others, especially at a conference.

depositnoun
B2

A sum of money placed or kept in a bank account, or the act of putting money into an account.

determinationnoun
B1

The quality of trying to do something even when it is difficult.

detournoun
B2

A long or roundabout route taken to avoid an obstacle or to visit a place off the planned path.

diagnosedverb
B1

Identified the nature of an illness by looking at the symptoms.

dictateverb
B1

to control or decide how something should be

dignitynoun
B1

The state of being worthy of honor or respect, often involving self-respect.

dimensionnoun
B1

A particular part or feature of a situation.

discardverb
B1

To throw away or get rid of something no longer useful.

discoursenoun
B1

Written or spoken communication or debate.

distinguishedadjective
B2

Successful, authoritative, and commanding great respect.

distractionnoun
B1

something that takes your attention away from what you are doing

domino effectnoun
B2

A situation in which one event causes a series of similar events to happen one after another.

doors of opportunityphrase
B1

Possibilities or chances to achieve something great in the future.

draw a blankidiom
B1

To fail to remember something or get an answer.

dynamicadjective
B1

characterized by constant change, activity, or progress

eerieadjective
B2

strange, mysterious, and frightening, suggesting supernatural or unexplained elements

egalitarianismnoun
B2

A philosophy asserting that all people are equal and deserve equal rights, status, and opportunities.

elephant in the roomidiom
B1

An obvious major problem or sensitive issue that people avoid discussing.

embarrassedadjective
B1

feeling shy, ashamed, or uncomfortable in front of other people

embraceverb
B1

To accept or support a belief, theory, or change willingly and enthusiastically.

emergencynoun
B2

A serious, unexpected, and often dangerous situation requiring immediate action.

emotional roller coasteridiom
B1

A situation that involves many rapid changes in emotion.

emotional well-beingnoun
B1

the state of being happy, healthy, and able to manage your feelings

empoweringadjective
B1

Something that gives you the confidence or authority to take control of your life.

endurancenoun
B1

The ability to keep doing something difficult, unpleasant, or painful for a long time.

engagingadjective
B1

Charming, interesting, or appealing in a way that attracts and holds the listener's or reader's attention.

enrolverb
B1

To officially register as a student in a course or school.

equatornoun
B1

The imaginary line around the middle of the Earth that separates the northern and southern halves.

escalateverb
B2

To increase rapidly in intensity, magnitude, or seriousness.

ethosnoun
B2

The characteristic spirit, culture, beliefs, or guiding principles of a community or group.

evaluativeadjective
B1

Assessing or forming an opinion about the value, amount, or quality of something.

evolveverb
B2

To develop gradually over time.

exaggerationnoun
B1

A statement that makes something seem greater or worse than it really is.

exclusionnoun
B1

the process of leaving someone out or being excluded from a group

extraordinaryadjective
B1

Very unusual, special, or unexpected.

fabricatedadjective
B1

Invented or made up, typically to trick people or generate interest.

fascinatingadjective
B1

extremely interesting or attractive

faux pasphrase
B2

An embarrassing social mistake or indiscretion that violates accepted social rules.

feenoun
B2

A payment made to a bank or professional for services or as a penalty.

femicidenoun
B1

The intentional killing of women or girls because of their gender.

fertilitynoun
B1

The quality of being able to produce new life, crops, or offspring.

fiasconoun
B2

A complete, painful, or humiliating failure that is highly disorganized.

financial stressphrase
B1

worry or anxiety caused by problems with money

find your feetphrase
B1

To become familiar with and confident in a new situation.

first aid kitphrase
B1

a set of tools or items used for basic medical treatment or emergencies

flaggingadjective
B2

Becoming tired, weaker, or less enthusiastic.

flip the scriptidiom
B1

To change the way something is done or perceived entirely.

fluencynoun
B2

The ability to do something smoothly, easily, and efficiently, such as managing money.

forgeverb
B2

To create or develop something strong and lasting, such as a relationship or an identity.

forthrightnessnoun
B2

The quality of being direct, honest, and straightforward in manners and speech.

foundationaladjective
B1

Serving as a fundamental basis, core principle, or underlying structure.

frictionnoun
B1

The mental effort or resistance required to start or complete an action.

from my point of viewphrase
B1

a phrase used to introduce one's personal opinion

fulfillingadjective
B1

making you feel happy and satisfied because you are doing something useful

functionalitynoun
B1

the quality of being useful and practical rather than just attractive

generationaladjective
B1

Relating to or characteristic of all the people born and living at about the same time.

get your foot in the dooridiom
B1

to get a minor or entry-level position that could lead to better opportunities in the future

gradedadjective
B1

Assessed, evaluated, or marked according to a particular scale, rubric, or academic standard.

grassrootsadjective
B2

Involving the most basic level of an activity or organization; driven by ordinary people.

grievancenoun
B2

A real or imagined wrong or cause for complaint or protest.

groundedadjective
B1

Well-balanced, sensible, and closely connected to reality or nature.

guiltyadjective
B1

feeling bad because you think you have done something wrong

handle a situationphrase
B1

to manage or deal with a problem or challenge

handle challengesphrase
B1

to deal with difficult situations or problems successfully

harassmentnoun
B1

aggressive pressure, intimidation, or unpleasant behavior directed at someone

harmoniousadjective
B1

friendly and peaceful, without any arguments or conflict

harmonynoun
B1

A state of peaceful agreement or unity among people.

hemispherenoun
B1

One of the two halves of the Earth, divided by the equator.

heritagenoun
B1

Valued traditions, history, and cultural practices passed down through generations.

hesitationnoun
B1

A delay, pause, or doubt before saying or doing something.

hit the booksidiom
B1

To start studying very hard.

hit the shopsphrase
B2

To go shopping, usually with the specific aim of buying something.

ignorantadjective
B1

not knowing about something that you should know or lacking awareness

illuminateverb
B1

To light up something or make a subject bright and clear.

immersionnoun
B2

Deep involvement in a specific activity or environment; completely surrounding oneself in a foreign language or culture.

impactnoun
B1

A powerful effect that something has on a situation or person.

imperturbableadjective
B2

Incapable of being upset, excited, or worried; remaining calm and collected under pressure.

impulsenoun
B2

A sudden, strong, and unreflective urge or desire to act, often regarding spending.

in contrast tophrase
B1

Used when comparing two things to show how they are different.

inadequaciesnoun
B2

Failures to reach a required standard or feeling that you are not good enough for a task.

inadequacynoun
B2

A feeling that one is not good enough or does not meet a required standard.

inadequateadjective
B1

not good enough or not enough in quantity for a specific purpose

inalienableadjective
B2

Unable to be taken away from or given away by the possessor.

incentivenoun
B2

Something that motivates or encourages someone to do something.

inciting incidentphrase
B2

An event or decision that starts the main action of a story or sets a process in motion.

inclusivitynoun
B1

The practice of providing equal access and opportunities to all people.

incredibleadjective
B1

Impossible or very difficult to believe; extremely good.

independencenoun
B1

the state of having freedom from the control or support of others

indigenousadjective
B1

Originating or existing naturally in a particular region; native.

inequalitynoun
B1

a situation in which some people have more money, opportunities, or rights than others

inherentlyadverb
B1

being a natural part of something that cannot be separated from it

initiativenoun
B1

An act, program, or strategy intended to solve a problem or initiate progress.

insightfuladjective
B2

showing or having a clear, deep, and perceptive understanding of a complex topic

inspireverb
B1

to give someone the idea for something or the enthusiasm to do something

inspiringadjective
B1

Giving you new ideas and making you feel you want to do something.

interestnoun
B2

Money paid by a bank at a particular rate for the use of money kept in an account.

interpersonaladjective
B1

Relating to relationships or communication between people.

interpersonal skillsphrase
B1

the ability to communicate and interact well with other people

intimateadjective
B1

Private, personal, and closely acquainted.

intimidatingadjective
B1

Having a frightening, threatening, or overwhelming effect; causing a loss of confidence or fear.

intriguedadjective
B1

Very interested in something and wanting to know more about it.

intriguingadjective
B2

Very interesting because of being unusual or mysterious.

invaluableadjective
B1

extremely useful; having a value beyond estimation

investverb
B1

To put time, money, or energy into something for a future benefit.

invest timephrase
B1

to spend time on something because you think it will be useful in the future

irrelevantadjective
B1

Not connected to the current topic; unimportant in a specific context.

land a jobphrase
B1

To successfully get a job after searching or applying.

learn the ropesidiom
B1

to learn how to do a particular job or task

learn things by heartphrase
B1

To memorize something perfectly so that you can repeat it without looking.

legacynoun
B2

something handed down or received from an ancestor, predecessor, or from the past

legitimateadjective
B2

Conforming to the law or to rules; valid or justifiable.

leisurenoun
B1

free time when you are not working or studying

lineagenoun
B1

The ancestry or family history of a person or group.

lonelinessnoun
B1

the state of being sad because you are alone or have no friends

mainstreamadjective
B1

Ideas, attitudes, or activities that are regarded as normal or conventional.

make the gradeidiom
B1

To reach the necessary standard or succeed in a task.

manual laborphrase
B1

Physical work done by people with their hands rather than machines.

martyrnoun
B1

A person who is killed or suffers greatly because of their religious or other beliefs.

meaningfuladjective
B1

having importance or a clear purpose

mental preparednessphrase
B1

the state of being ready in your mind for a future event or challenge

metamorphosisnoun
B2

A complete change of form, character, or appearance.

metaphoricaladjective
B2

Not literal; using a figure of speech to describe something by comparing it to something else.

microcosmnoun
B1

A community or situation that represents a much larger entity in miniature.

microorganismsnoun
B2

microscopic organisms, especially bacteria, viruses, or fungi

milestonenoun
B1

An action or event marking a significant change or stage in development.

mindfuladjective
B1

careful and aware of what you are doing or what is happening around you

mindsetnoun
B2

A person's way of thinking and their established set of attitudes.

monopolynoun
B2

The exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.

moral starting pointphrase
B1

a basic principle used as a foundation for ethical behavior

mournfuladjective
B1

Feeling or expressing deep sadness, grief, or sorrow.

mysteriousadjective
B2

difficult or impossible to understand, explain, or identify

narrativenoun
B1

A spoken or written account of connected events; a story.

narrative competencephrase
B1

The ability to construct a coherent, engaging story.

navigateverb
B1

to find your way through a complicated situation or topic successfully

nerve-wrackingadjective
B1

causing a lot of worry, stress, or extreme anxiety

neutraladjective
B2

not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, or scientific inquiry; objective and unbiased

no taxation without representationphrase
B2

A political slogan indicating that people should not be taxed by a government in which they have no representation.

nudgeverb
B2

A gentle encouragement or a slight push to help someone make a decision or take action.

nurtureverb
B1

To care for, encourage, and foster the development of someone or something.

obsessionnoun
B2

an idea, activity, or interest that continually preoccupies or dominates a person's mind

obstaclenoun
B1

A thing that blocks one's way or prevents progress.

off the beaten trackphrase
B2

Idiom referring to places that are far from popular tourist destinations or busy areas.

opportunity costphrase
B2

The loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen.

optimaladjective
B1

the best or most favorable point, degree, or amount

optimisticadjective
B2

hopeful, confident, and positive about the future or the success of something

oral fluencyphrase
B1

The ability to speak a language smoothly and naturally without frequent pauses.

orchestratedadjective
B2

Carefully planned or organized to achieve a particular result.

orientationnoun
B1

The introductory phase of a story that establishes the who, where, when, and what.

outdatedadjective
B1

no longer useful, modern, or fashionable

overcomeverb
B2

To succeed in dealing with a problem or difficulty.

overcome obstaclesphrase
B1

To successfully deal with difficult situations that prevent you from achieving something.

overdraftnoun
B2

A deficit in a bank account caused by drawing more money than the account holds.

overhaulnoun
B1

A thorough examination of a system or machine with many repairs or changes made.

overlookverb
B1

to fail to notice or consider something important

overtimenoun
B1

time worked beyond one's standard operating hours

overwhelmedadjective
B1

feeling crushed under an excessive amount of work, pressure, or emotion

pass with flying colorsidiom
B1

To pass an exam or test with a very high score.

passiveadjective
B1

allowing things to happen without taking any action or showing any reaction

patriotismnoun
B1

Love, devotion, and vigorous support for one's country.

pay yourself firstphrase
B2

A strategy of moving a portion of your income into savings immediately upon receiving it.

perpetratornoun
B1

someone who has committed a crime or a harmful act

perseverancenoun
B1

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success.

picturesqueadjective
B2

Visually attractive, charming, and pretty, especially in a traditional way.

pivotverb
B1

To turn, rotate, or rapidly shift your focus, conversational strategy, or argument to suit new demands.

plateaunoun
B1

A state of little or no change after a period of activity or progress.

polite bufferphrase
B2

A phrase or linguistic device used to soften a direct request to make it sound more respectful.

possessverb
B1

to have or own a particular quality, characteristic, or skill

pour money down the drainidiom
B2

To spend money on things that provide no value or are wasted.

pouring money down the drainidiom
B2

Spending money on things that provide no value or paying for things you do not use.

power dynamicphrase
B1

the way that power is distributed between people in a group

primaladjective
B1

Essential, fundamental, or relating to a very early stage of human history; instinctive.

prioritizeverb
B1

to treat something as being more important than other things

proactiveadjective
B1

Taking control of a situation by causing things to happen rather than responding to them after the fact.

proactivelyadverb
B1

taking action to make something happen rather than waiting for it to happen

proceduraladjective
B2

Relating to the official or established way of doing something, often focusing on rules rather than results.

processverb
B1

To think about a piece of information or an experience in order to understand it.

procrastinationnoun
B1

The act of delaying or postponing tasks that need to be done.

productiveadjective
B1

doing or achieving a lot

prosperitynoun
B1

The state of being successful, thriving, or financially well-off.

proverbnoun
B1

a short, well-known sentence or phrase that gives advice or says something that is generally true

provocativeadjective
B1

Causing a strong reaction, annoyance, or debate, especially deliberately; thought-provoking.

punctualadjective
B1

happening or doing something at the agreed or proper time; on time

punctualitynoun
B2

The habit or quality of being on time or arriving at a designated place when expected.

puristsnoun
B1

Traditionalists who insist on absolute adherence to established rules, values, and historical standards.

purposenoun
B1

The reason why something is done or exists.

puzzlingadjective
B2

causing one to feel confused or perplexed because something is difficult to understand or make sense of

rack one's brainidiom
B1

To think very hard and make a great mental effort to remember or solve something.

rack your brainidiom
B1

To think very hard about something, especially when trying to remember or solve a problem.

radicaladjective
B1

Relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching and thorough.

raise fundsphrase
B1

To collect money for a particular purpose, especially for charity.

recallnoun
B1

the ability to remember something that you have learned or seen

recapverb
B1

To summarize or state the main points of something again.

reclaimverb
B1

To retrieve or recover something that was lost, taken away, or stolen.

reconciliationnoun
B1

The restoration of friendly relations or harmony after a disagreement or historical division.

reenactmentnoun
B1

The act of performing or acting out a historical event.

reflectionnoun
B1

serious and careful thought about something

reframeverb
B1

To think about or present a problem or situation in a new and different way.

reframesverb
B1

To look at, present, or think of something in a new or different way.

reframingnoun
B1

The practice of conceptualizing, viewing, or expressing an idea, state, or feeling in a new, more positive light.

reinforcingverb
B1

Strengthening or supporting an existing idea or feeling.

reinventingverb
B1

Changing something so much that it appears entirely new.

rekindledverb
B2

revived or renewed a feeling, interest, or activity that had gone dormant or died out

relatableadjective
B2

Someone or something that you can understand or feel sympathy for because they are similar to you.

release valvephrase
B1

An activity or situation that allows people to express emotions and relieve stress.

reliableadjective
B1

consistently good in quality or performance; dependable

remarkableadjective
B1

Unusual or special and therefore surprising and worth mentioning.

remoteadjective
B2

Located far away from main centers of population; isolated and difficult to reach.

representationnoun
B2

The action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or being represented in government.

resilientadjective
B1

able to become strong, healthy, or happy again after a difficult situation

resonancenoun
B2

The power to evoke enduring images, memories, or strong emotions in people.

resonateverb
B2

To produce a positive feeling, emotional response, or opinion in someone.

respect boundariesphrase
B1

to accept and follow the limits someone has set for their personal space or behavior

respect people's boundariesphrase
B1

to behave in a way that does not violate another person's personal limits

restlessnessnoun
B2

The state of being unable to stay still or be happy where you are because you are bored or anxious.

resurgencenoun
B2

an increase, revival, or comeback after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence

privilegenoun

A special right, advantage, or immunity granted to a particular person or group.

profoundadjective

Very great or intense; showing great knowledge or understanding.

sacrificenoun

The act of giving up something valued for the sake of something more important.

mythologynoun

A collection of myths, especially those belonging to a particular culture.

comfort zonephrase

A place or situation where one feels safe or at ease, without risk.

recklessadjective

Without thinking about the risks or effects of one's actions; heedless.

mentornoun

An experienced person who gives guidance and advice to a less experienced person.

pursueverb

To follow or chase; to seek to attain a goal over time.

trialnoun

A test of someone's abilities or resolve; a difficult experience.

enduringadjective

Lasting over a long period of time; persistent.

frameworknoun

A basic structure underlying a system or concept.

thesisnoun

A statement or theory put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved.

vitaladjective

Absolutely necessary; essential.

authenticitynoun

The quality of being genuine or true to one's own personality or values.

initiationnoun

The action of beginning something; the stage of facing trials and tests.

shortcutnoun

A quicker way of doing something than the usual way.

separationnoun

The act of moving away from a familiar place or situation; the first stage of the hero's journey.

teaseverb

To laugh at and make fun of someone in a playful or unkind way.

stingnoun

A small but sharp pain, either physical or emotional.

thriveverb

To grow, develop, or be successful.

blissnoun

Perfect happiness; great joy.

run intophrase

to meet someone unexpectedly

come roundphrase

to visit someone at their home

sort outphrase

to solve a problem or organize something

make upphrase

to invent a story or excuse

let downphrase

to disappoint someone

show upphrase

to arrive or appear at a place

get overphrase

to recover from an illness or difficulty

carry onphrase

to continue doing something

go onphrase

to continue or to happen

go outphrase

to leave home for socializing

drop offphrase

to leave someone at a destination

get awayphrase

to go on holiday or escape

come backphrase

to return to a place

keep onphrase

to continue doing something persistently

grow upphrase

to develop from child to adult

look outphrase

to be careful of danger

try onphrase

to put on clothing to see if it fits

hurry upphrase

to move or act more quickly

pay backphrase

to return money owed to someone

get on withphrase

to have a good relationship with someone

hold onphrase

to wait for a short time

put up withphrase

to tolerate something unpleasant

work outphrase

to be resolved successfully

turn offphrase

to stop a device or appliance

run out ofphrase

to use up all of a supply

turn upphrase

to arrive or appear somewhere

pick upphrase

to collect someone or something

fill inphrase

to complete a form with required information

break intophrase

to enter a place illegally by force

give upphrase

to stop doing something

turn downphrase

to reject an offer or request

look upphrase

to search for information in a reference

set offphrase

to begin a journey

break downphrase

to stop functioning (vehicle or machine)

wake upphrase

to stop sleeping

look afterphrase

to take care of someone or something

give backphrase

to return something to its owner

look forward tophrase

to feel excited about a future event

turn onphrase

to start a device or appliance

check inphrase

to register at a hotel or airport

check outphrase

to leave a hotel after paying

hand inphrase

to submit work to a teacher or authority

get upphrase

to rise from bed in the morning

look forphrase

to search for someone or something

put offphrase

to postpone something to a later time

take offphrase

to remove clothing from your body

put onphrase

to place clothing on your body

take backphrase

to return something to where it came from

find outphrase

to discover information

make an effortphrase

to try hard to do something

do sportsphrase

to engage in physical activities

keep a diaryphrase

to regularly write personal records

break a recordphrase

to surpass a previous best performance

have a restphrase

to relax or stop working briefly

gain weightphrase

to become heavier in body mass

accept an invitationphrase

to say yes to an invitation

have dinnerphrase

to eat the evening meal

make a phone callphrase

to call someone by phone

have a lookphrase

to examine or view something

give advicephrase

to suggest what someone should do

do researchphrase

to investigate a topic systematically

tell a liephrase

to say something that is not true

refuse an invitationphrase

to say no to an invitation

keep a promisephrase

to do what you said you would do

hold a meetingphrase

to organize a formal gathering

change a planphrase

to alter previously made arrangements

have lunchphrase

to eat the midday meal

keep a secretphrase

to not tell others private information

throw a partyphrase

to organize and host a party

send an emailphrase

to compose and transmit an electronic message

make friendsphrase

to form new friendships

have breakfastphrase

to eat the morning meal

book a tablephrase

to reserve a table at a restaurant

do homeworkphrase

to complete school assignments at home

do the shoppingphrase

to buy food and supplies

pay a visitphrase

to go and see someone

catch a coldphrase

to become ill with a cold

tell a storyphrase

to narrate a story

give an answerphrase

to respond to a question

win a prizephrase

to receive an award in a competition

miss a lessonphrase

to be absent from a class

take a photophrase

to capture an image with a camera

catch a busphrase

to board a bus in time

cause an accidentphrase

to be responsible for an accident happening

take a seatphrase

to sit down

pay attentionphrase

to listen or watch carefully

make a mistakephrase

to do something incorrectly

take a riskphrase

to do something that may have a bad outcome

take an examphrase

to sit a formal test

give a presentphrase

to give someone a gift

do the washing-upphrase

to wash the dishes

write a letterphrase

to compose a written message

take part inphrase

to participate in something

lose weightphrase

to become lighter in body mass

make a decisionphrase

to decide something

ask a questionphrase

to pose a question to someone

read a bookphrase

to go through written text in a book

play a gamephrase

to participate in a game

watch a filmphrase

to view a movie

succeed inphrase

to achieve something you were trying to do

belong tophrase

to be the property of someone

as a result ofphrase

because of something that happened

keep in touchphrase

to maintain contact with someone

spend time onphrase

to use time doing something

even thoughphrase

despite the fact that

worry aboutphrase

to feel anxious about something

apply forphrase

to make a formal request for something

take care ofphrase

to be responsible for someone or something

insist onphrase

to demand something firmly

in order tophrase

with the purpose of doing something

deal withphrase

to handle or manage something

long forphrase

to desire something strongly

approve ofphrase

to think something is good or acceptable

concentrate onphrase

to focus your attention on something

prepare forphrase

to get ready for something

search forphrase

to look carefully for something

think ofphrase

to have an opinion about something

on the other handphrase

used to introduce the contrasting side

result inphrase

to cause something to happen

invite tophrase

to ask someone to come to an event

care forphrase

to look after someone

complain aboutphrase

to express dissatisfaction about something

protect fromphrase

to keep someone safe from something

talk aboutphrase

to discuss a topic

believe inphrase

to have faith in something

wait forphrase

to stay until someone or something arrives

in the endphrase

finally, after a long time

look atphrase

to direct your eyes toward something

listen tophrase

to pay attention to sounds or speech

speak tophrase

to talk with someone

think aboutphrase

to consider something

hear aboutphrase

to receive information about something

as far as I knowphrase

based on what I know to be true

consist ofphrase

to be made up of something

laugh atphrase

to find something funny or mock it

recover fromphrase

to return to health after illness

on the one handphrase

used to introduce one side of an argument

smile atphrase

to give a smile to someone

suffer fromphrase

to be affected by an illness or difficulty

agree onphrase

to reach the same conclusion about something

apologize forphrase

to say sorry for something

focus onphrase

to direct attention to something

pay forphrase

to give money in exchange for something

ask forphrase

to request something

depend onphrase

to be determined by something

rely onphrase

to trust or depend on someone

spend money onphrase

to use money to buy something

in my opinionphrase

used to express a personal view

agree withphrase

to share the same opinion as someone

polite tophrase

respectful and courteous toward someone

envious ofphrase

feeling envy toward someone

jealous ofphrase

envious of someone's qualities or possessions

friendly tophrase

kind and pleasant toward someone

honest withphrase

truthful with someone

busy withphrase

occupied doing something

ashamed ofphrase

feeling shame about something

strict withphrase

demanding obedience from someone

hopeless atphrase

completely unskilled at something

typical ofphrase

characteristic of something

patient withphrase

calm and tolerant toward someone

cruel tophrase

deliberately causing pain to someone

angry withphrase

feeling anger toward someone

rude tophrase

impolite toward someone

brilliant atphrase

exceptionally skilled at something

worried aboutphrase

feeling anxious about something

similar tophrase

having a resemblance to something

angry aboutphrase

feeling anger because of something

good atphrase

skilled in something

ready forphrase

fully prepared for something

keen onphrase

enthusiastic about something

capable ofphrase

having the ability to do something

tired ofphrase

fed up with something

allergic tophrase

having an adverse reaction to something

next tophrase

beside something or someone

crowded withphrase

full of people or things

rich inphrase

having a large amount of something

proud ofphrase

feeling pleasure about an achievement

sure ofphrase

having no doubt about something

excited aboutphrase

feeling enthusiasm about something

bored withphrase

having lost interest in something

close tophrase

emotionally or physically near someone

afraid ofphrase

feeling fear about something

bad atphrase

not skilled in something

interested inphrase

having curiosity or concern about something

responsible forphrase

having a duty to deal with something

full ofphrase

containing a large amount of something

satisfied withphrase

pleased with something

short ofphrase

not having enough of something

married tophrase

having a spouse

engaged tophrase

promised to marry someone

filled withphrase

containing something completely

dependent onphrase

relying on something

covered withphrase

having a surface layer of something

weak inphrase

not proficient in something

famous forphrase

well known because of something

different fromphrase

not the same as something else

fond ofphrase

having a liking for something

nice tophrase

kind or pleasant toward someone

aware ofphrase

knowing about something

extraterrestrialadjective

Originating or existing outside the Earth or its atmosphere

absurdadjective

Wildly unreasonable or illogical; causing disbelief

traumaticadjective

Deeply distressing or disturbing, causing lasting psychological damage

controversialadjective

Giving rise to public disagreement and heated debate

contemplationnoun

Deep reflective thought about something

resolvenoun

Firm determination to do something

satiricaladjective

Using humour, irony, or exaggeration to criticise or mock something

oppressionnoun

Prolonged cruel or unjust treatment of a group of people

hypothesisnoun

A proposed explanation for an observation, to be tested through research

authoritynoun

The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience

ideologynoun

A system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of a political or economic theory

symbolismnoun

The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities

adversitynoun

A difficult or unpleasant situation; misfortune

second windnoun

A new burst of energy or motivation after a period of tiredness or difficulty

superstitionnoun

A belief or practice resulting from ignorance and fear of the unknown

ambassadornoun

A person who acts as a representative or promoter of something

triumphnoun

A great victory or achievement

assimilationnoun

The process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas

psychological barriernoun

A mental block that prevents someone from achieving something they are physically capable of

integritynoun

The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles

dopaminenoun

A chemical released in the brain associated with feelings of pleasure and reward

polyglotnoun

A person who knows and uses several languages

dilemmanoun

A situation requiring a choice between two equally undesirable alternatives

well-beingnoun

The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy

gritnoun

Courage and determination in the face of adversity

tenacitynoun

The quality of being determined and persistent in achieving a goal

biasnoun

Prejudice in favour of or against something, often in an unfair way

trajectorynoun

The path followed by a moving object or the course of something over time

alienationnoun

The feeling of being isolated from or not belonging to a group or society

potentialnoun

Latent qualities or abilities that may be developed and lead to future success

persecuteverb

To subject someone to hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of their beliefs

improviseverb

To create or perform something spontaneously, without preparation

solidaritynoun

Unity or agreement of feeling or action among individuals with a common interest

propagandanoun

Information used to promote a particular point of view, often misleading

stoicismnoun

The practice of enduring pain or hardship without complaint or emotional reaction

idiomnoun

A phrase whose meaning cannot be understood from the individual words

innovationnoun

The introduction of new ideas, methods, or technologies

eloquentadjective

Fluent and persuasive in speaking or writing

obediencenoun

Compliance with an order, rule, or authority figure

conformismnoun

The tendency to go along with the opinions or behaviors of a group rather than thinking independently

dissentnoun

The expression of disagreement with an official or widely held view

dedicationnoun

The quality of being committed to a task or purpose with devotion

manipulationnoun

The act of controlling or influencing someone cleverly or unscrupulously

ritualnoun

A ceremony or series of actions performed in a prescribed order

gaslightingnoun

A form of psychological manipulation where someone makes another person question their own reality

paganadjective

Relating to religions that worship many gods, especially nature-based pre-Christian religions

traditionnoun

A custom or belief passed down through generations

aspirational behaviornoun

Actions or conduct that aim toward achieving higher goals or ideals

spectaclenoun

A visually striking performance or display

temporal landmarknoun

A significant point in time that people use as a reference to mark new beginnings or changes

commercializationnoun

The process of managing something primarily for financial gain